History of Turkish literature

A summary of the history of Turkish literature

Istanbul Turkish literature includes oral pieces and written texts in this language, whether in the Ottoman form or its literary forms, such as the form spoken in Turkey today. The Ottoman Turkish language is mostly a collection of writings influenced by Persian and Arabic, written with the Ottoman Turkish alphabet—a summary of the history of Turkish literature after Islam.

After Islam, as a result of the spread of the new religion and dealing with Iranians and Muslims, there were changes in the religion, language, and lifestyle of the residents of Turkey, and they migrated to more southern lands. Turkish literature was written in the same period, and the first Turkish literary Book was Bookdgu Bilig, which was finished in the 11th century.

The Book of Book Knowledge

Kutadgu Bili

Written by Youssef Balasaghoni (known as Yousef Khas Hajib Belsaghoni)

Qutadegu Belig (Qutadegu Belig) is the first Islamic Turkish work found in 462 AH-1069 AD. It was written in Balasaghun and Kashgar, from the cities of Central Asia and the centers of the Karakhanid territory (Ilk Khanian al-Afrasiab) by Yusuf Khas Hajib Balasaghuni, and according to Arminius Vambery, “it is the first work that allows us to understand the social and administrative situation of the Turks.” Let’s comment:” The authorship of Divan Ghat Al-Turk, another work of Islamic Turki in the territory of Karakhanians by Mahmoud Kashghari, was completed two or three years after this Book, thBookis no mention of the other in any of them. These two works were written in Khaqani Turkish, the literary language of Central Asia and the official language of the Karakhanids.

The term Qutadghobilig also existed in the Mongol era, which referred to the collection of Qasar words attributed to Genghis Khan, which was cited as a source of law in the Mongol Empire, like Genghis’ Yasay. A hypothesis has been presented based on which Yusuf Balasaghuni’s Qutadaghu Bilig Uyghur influenced the Mongols, at least in the creation of his title. Chingiziy played a role in the emergence of the Qutadghu Bilig Uyghur (Uyghur sources influenced many Mongolian written works). St. Still, Since the publication of Mahmoud Kashghari’s work, there is no longer any doubt that the Karakhanian citizens did not consider themselves Uyghurs (although they used Uyghur script) and that the language Yusuf Belasaghoni wrote in was not Uyghur Turkish but Khaghani Turkish. On the other hand, it seems impossible that Qutadghobilig Baghrakhan, in which the spirit of Islam penetrated to a high degree, was accepted by the Uighurs who remained Buddhist and Christian. Then, in turn, through them, It also affected the Mongols.

The content of the Book of Book Knowledge

This Book consists of 6,645 verses arranged into 88 chapters. The Book’s meaning is knowledge of bliss. This Book contains the science of civil books, home planning, wisdom, and ancient science; Barthold considered it comparable with Qaboosnameh and some others with Politnameh. Its poems are based on the weight of prosody and written on the weight of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. But in the middle of the poems, there are also poems on the weight of syllables, called bayati.

Despite some Persian and Arabic words, the work’s language generally has pure Turkish characteristics and various genres of oral literature; materials taken from Arabic, Persian, Chinese, and Greek sources have been used in it. After the introduction, the Book introduces the main text in praise of the Lord and Naat of the Prophet, and the CaliBook commemorates the rulers of the time and mentions the reason for its authorship.

Four prominent and fictional heroes in Turkish literature

• Gun Togdo: The ruler is the representative and spokesman of law and justice.
• Ai Togdo is the minister who is the representative and spokesperson of the government.
• Ogdolmish is the minister’s son, who is the spokesman for reason.
• Odgormosh: An ascetic who represents contentment and isolation.

This story ends with the natural death of the minister and his child, which, of course, because this work was written in the last years of Yusuf’s life, is full of despair.

The works of Turkish literature after Islam: a summary of the history of Ottoman Turkish literature

• Gutadghobilig
• Divan of Turkish words
• Javaher al-Nawha, in Al-Turk’s words
• Atba al-Haqayq
• Divan of wisdom
• Stories of the Prophets
• Oghuz Khan is a story
• letter wheel
• Shiad Hamza
• Khaja Dehkhani

Turkish literature in the 19th century

In the 19th century, poetry became more straightforward, and Persian compositions were a little less, but in this period, no other great poet emerged in Turkish literature. The greatest are Ghalib Lefkoshchali, Skudarli Haghi, Arif Hekmat, Rostam Pasha, Wasif Androni, Lili Khanum, and Khajeh Fahim. Shafqat Baghdadi, Abdurrahman Sami Pashashanizadeh, and Dawood Effendi are among the most famous in prose. After this, Turkish literature was influenced by French literature in Asia Minor and Russian literature in Azerbaijan and Central Asia.

Contemporary writers of Türkiye

In this period, Turkish literature was influenced by European literature. Persian phrases and words decreased, and European and Western influences and elements entered Turkish literature. Of course, this course is one of the best courses in Turkish literature, which presented two of the greatest names of Turkish and even world writers, such as Nazim Hekmat and Orhan Pamuk (winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize for Literature).

The most famous contemporary authors of Türkiye:

• Nazem Hekmat
• Turgut Oyar
• Jamal Soraya
• Good luck with your thinking
• Yahya Kamal
• Orhan Vali
• Ahmad Aref
• Seedling bloom

Of course, there were many other poets in this period who were of a lower rank in terms of importance

Famous Turkish novelists:

• Najati Jumali
• Dear Nesin
• Orhan Kamal
• Halicarnassus Balikchisi
• Yashar Kamal
• Orhan Pamuk

Among the famous poets of the 17th century, we can mention Yahya Effendi and Nefefi from Erzurum.

In the 17th century in Iran, Estrabadi composed and wrote the Turkish and Persian dictionary Sangalakh.

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